Images of the Moon are not common in artworks, but when they do appear they often provide much more than illumination. Sometimes they allow a painting to be precisely dated or provide other historical insights. Certain lunar phases are more popular than others, and I'll explain why. I'll also look at what impact the invention of the telescope had on artists' renderings of the lunar surface. For spice, I'll toss in a few bagatelles and one mystery (or its solution).